The Invasion of Sicily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Invasion of Sicily - Essay Example The invasion of Sicily had been on the agenda ever since the Casablanca Conference of January 1943. The success of the "TORCH" landings in French North Africa the previous November was the incubus of Franklin D. Roosevelt's and Winston Churchill's plan for a seaborne assault as soon as the Axis had been defeated in Tunisia. "TORCH was the first major amphibious assault against the Axis, although, in the Pacific, the marines landed on Guadalcanal on Aug 7th. It had to be staged from Continental US, go almost 3000 miles, through U boat infested waters, land troops on hostile beaches, and then keep the sea lanes open for reinforcements"2. While "TORCH" had been mostly unopposed, Sicily, it was estimated, would be a more difficult conquest because the Italians would be then fighting on their home ground, buttressed by good German troops. That notwithstanding, the allies remained undaunted. A blend of the battle-hardened men of Eighth Army under Montgomery, the profusion of US war ammunition and other materials, and American troops of the Seventh Army under Patton were considered enough to overwhelm the island garrison and bring the war to mainland Italy. Amphibious ships and landing craft were the resource that defined Allied military strategy in 1943-4, and it took six months to assemble enough for the main component of HUSKY, an operation involving 150,000 men and 3,000 ships. The Allied invasion of Sicily also known as "Operation Husky" was a major World War II invasion. During the invasion, the Allies took Sicily from the Axis. The Allies were primarily from the American, British, and Canadian armies. The axis represented Italy and Nazi Germany. The invasion is often referred to as a grand scale airborne and amphibious exercise, supplemented with approximately six weeks of land combat. The invasion of Sicily, documented all over the world, was heralded by Canadian newspapers. The invasion is described as one that was easy with little fatalities3. The reader is encouraged with the impression of the "shock and awe" that Iraq was met by the United States and British forces in the 21st century. Clearly, one reading the tales of control and bravery would never guess that Sicily was seized with worthy resistance. Newspaper accounts regale the at home reader with the "spectacle" of British and Canadian forces entering Sicilian borders with some stubborn resistance, but the tone is one of confidence. Eisenhower himself states: "The enemy's losses in men and equipment since the commencement of the campaign had been enormous. Of his panzer divisions, the equivalent of five had been destroyed and a further six severely mauled. The equivalent of 20 infantry divisions had been eliminated and 12 more (including 3 crack parachute divisions) had been badly cut up. Three divisions were trapped in Brittany and another division was isolated in the Channel Islands. By 25 August the enemy had lost, in round numbers, 400,000 killed, wounded, or captured, of which total 200,000 were prisoners of war"4. While the newspapers report with pride, the accomplishments of the axis, the history books tell a different story. Tales of heroism and outstanding bravery were reported in Canada. Indeed, one officer who rallied his troops by stating "Never mind the Germans, they can't shoot straight!" was

Accounting and Bookkeeping Services Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Accounting and Bookkeeping Services Marketing Plan Essay Marketing Vision Sorcerers Accountant will fit the needs of transitional small businesses, dealing with the growing pains of leaving an owner-operator model to hiring employees and expanding. These clients will see that Sorcerers Accountant is competitively priced, both compared with the market and with the substitute option of hiring their own bookkeepers. Clients will see that Sorcerers Accountant is extremely flexible and scalable in a way that in-house bookkeepers cannot be. To move forward with this new business line, Sorcerers Accountant will make the bookkeeping services the core of its business and a source of leads for its additional accounting services, rather than the other way around. Over time, as this transition happens, the marketing plan will be revisited to see how these clients can be better used as a source for referrals and more business. See more: The Issues Concerning Identity Theft Essay Goals Sorcerers Accountants goals include Personal, Marketing, Business, and Client Satisfaction goals. They are: 1. Personal To reduce the time spent on the business by Max Greenwood to a more sustainable level over a few years and to achieve professional recognition 2. Marketing Generation of large numbers of leads and press mentions 3. Business Expand sales significantly over the next three years 4. Client Satisfaction To achieve a high level of very satisfied clients Purpose Sorcerers Accountant seeks to provide a full suite of tax and management accounting services for small businesses in Chicago, Illinois, allowing business owners to not only save money over in-house accounting and ensure their compliance with tax laws, but to make valuable management decisions from their numbers. Picture When clients come to Sorcerers Accountant, the frustration of dealing with in-house bookkeepers and low-quality providers will recede. Clients will be given the time to have all of their questions answered and valuable accounting and systems advice will be given even in the initial meetings. The client will quickly understand that Sorcerers Accountant will scale their services to meet the clients needs and can add to those services as the clients needs change. They will understand that they are not entering into an onerous contract and that the cost of getting started is low. The client will be delighted the first time they receive a thank you card and small gift when theyve made their budgeted numbers for the quarter. At this point it will truly sink in that Sorcerers Accountant has their bookkeeping and accounting needs covered and that they can put away any worry that this area will be a weak link in their business. Gap Dashboard Weekly measurements of key metrics will be averaged for each month and entered in the Gap Dashboard. Personal goals will be tracked by Max Greenwood directly to make sure he is moving towards both professional recognition and a sustainable work/life balance. Marketing goals will be tracked by the CRM system and business goals will be tracked by QuickBooks. Client satisfaction numbers will be derived from the survey providers database. Whether numbers are met or not, the news will be shared on a monthly basis with the entire staff, with congratulations and discussion as to what is going right as well as a look at what is going wrong and how it can be rectified. These reports will be shared in full with the bookkeeping program manager and partially with the bookkeepers. Ideal Customer The ideal customer for Sorcerers Accountant is an owner of a very small business. Having launched within the last few years, the customer has just hired his first employee. The bookkeeping work (accounts payable and receivable, payroll, bank reconciliations, tax preparation) that the owner did for the first few years is taking more and more time and is holding him back from working on sales, marketing, and strategy for the business. The new employee has been hired to handle more of the technical work of the business, not to do bookkeeping. However, when considering the type of bookkeeping help he can afford, the customer realizes that a ten-hour-a-week employee would most likely be a student or low-skills worker who would require a great deal of training. The customer is put off by the idea of spending a great deal of time training such an individual, who may leave within a year (or even less) due to school schedule changes or finding a full-time job. He realizes that keeping the books correctly is important work, but because he understands his own value to the business, his knows his time is better spent elsewhere. He might then begin to search for professional bookkeeping options that can offer just a low-level of support by doing his own research and asking other business owners he knows. Market Description The small business accounting market consists of virtually every small business in the United States. As businesses grow larger than one person sole proprietorships, they generally require expert help with at least their tax preparation, and often with additional bookkeeping and accounting services. Even many non-employer sole proprietorships will use accounting help at some point. While some small businesses hire bookkeepers or CFOs directly, many successfully outsource these types of services. The market for Sorcerers Accountant is small businesses in the city limits of Chicago. This will represent approximately 85,000 businesses in 2010. This market can be subdivided into three groups: Non-employer firms: Without employees, these firms do not have many of the concerns of larger businesses. However, the owners must be vigilant to protect their own tax liability and sort out how their personal and business tax returns intersect. These firms are generally buyers of QuickBooks services and tax preparation services. As they grow, this group becomes ripe for outsourced bookkeeping services before they can hire a full-time in-house bookkeeper. Very small businesses: Defined for our purposes as businesses with 2-10 employees. Made up of businesses that are designed to stay small and those which are growing through a phase, these businesses require payroll services, bookkeeping, and tax preparation. They are concerned about losing control, but can generally be convinced of using outsourced accounting and bookkeeping with cost analysis. With the stakes higher, these businesses can make greater use of management accounting services, especially as most cannot afford a dedicated CFO. Many do not need a full-time bookkeeper, but can made due with part-time help, which limits their hiring options. Other small businesses: Defined for our purposes as businesses with 11 to 99 employees. Many of these businesses will have some in-house financial management and bookkeeping help. However, they may be able to save money by outsourcing these services as they are not generally core to what the business seeks to do. These businesses may be comfortable with their situation as a cash producer for their owners or intent on g rowing or positioning themselves for sale. Remarkable Difference Sorcerers Accountant offers the flexibility and low rates of an in-house bookkeeping employee, while providing all of the training, oversight, and deep knowledge of a Certified Public Accountant. Differentiators Sorcerers Accountant will achieve a competitive edge among Chicago bookkeeping services due to its combination of CPA oversight with lower-level, inexpensive labor to solve the specific problems of small business owners. Clients will receive the advantage of having a CPA review their books and propose additional advice when appropriate, while not paying much more than they would to hire their own part-time bookkeeper. This is not an inimitable competitive edge, but the market in Chicago is significantly large enough to allow for the success of Sorcerers Accountant with this strategy. Large firms ignore the small business market because they are better positioned to serve larger businesses. They are unlikely to imitate this strategy as they will find it difficult to convince small businesses that they can offer services which are affordable to them.

Circadian Rhythms :: Environmental Cues, Scientific Research

Circadian rhythms are endogenous and self sustaining in all animals and plants. These rhythms are present in the absence of environment clues such as light, temperature and social clues. In absence of clues, animals free run in constant darkness due to programmed genetic interactions. Some of the genes involve in this processes are Per, Clock and Cry. The expressions of these genes are tightly regulated at molecular level by proteins which bind to promoters and repressors to create a rhythm throughout the day. For example, bmal and clock bind to ebox region to produce cry and mper proteins (Hong and Chong, 2007). These proteins are concentration dependant which means high level binds to repressor region to avoid further transcription. Such oscillations work on close to 24 hour cycle in animals and plants. These processes occur without any environmental clues. In case the environment clues are introduced to animals, they tend to synchronize internal clock with external signals. One such example of synchronization is shown in dorsophilia which increase Tim protein at night and the presence of external light decrease the production of Tim protein. This results into phase delay in dorsophilia (Leuloup and Goldbeter, 2001). The idea of phase advance and delay were first proposed by Aschoff and Pittendrigh (1960), but subsequent genetic studies have shown exact genes involved in phase delay and advance occurs due to over or under production of proteins as described in dorsophilia studies. Many knock out studies have shown that disruption of genes involve in circadian rhythm have created arrythmicity in animals. Low-Zeddies and Takahashi (2001), created clock mutants which were arrhythmic when exposed to dark condition. The period of clock mutants were greater when compared to wildtype mice. The mutant also showed higher phase-shifts hours and lower circadian amplitude. Although clock expression has been important to understand rhythm, the initial information from retinohypothalamic tract to core or ventro-lateral region of the SCN has been a prime focus of the recent studies. It is widely known that information from ventrolateral region of SCN communicates with other regions of the SCN. Buhr and Yoo (2010), show ventrolateral and dorsomedial neuronal connection exists and this connection has a role in circadian rythm. Their data shows that tetrodoxin can make SCN temperature incompensated due to inhibition of signal from core to shell regions. Similarly, vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine iso-leucine are expressed in SCN when light information travel from retinohypothalamic tract.

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millay’s Essay

The sonnet has experienced many modifications and innovations throughout the ages. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43†, both Petrarchan sonnets, have diversified and helped pave the way for future female poets. In order to address and capitalize on ideas of gender connected to sonnet form and content, Edna Millay and Elizabeth Browning both revolutionize the traditional male-dominated sonnet form as females, Browning expresses overly sentimental and passionate emotion through content and Millay contradicts the social norm of female sexuality as well through content. Millay and Browning revolt against the male-dominated sonnet. Popular among prominent male poets, the sonnet was deemed unworthy for females, as men were far more educated and capable of fulfilling its high standards and strict guidelines. Both poets proved common beliefs wrong by excelling in the sonnet form. They used the Petrarchan sonnet, playing close attention to rhyme scheme and using iambic pentameter. They even incorporated the Volta between the octave and sestet, while using the first three lines in the sestet to introduce the change in tone and the last three lines in the sestet to conclude, invariably identical to the traditional Italian sonnet. At a time where women did not even have the right to vote, Millay and Browning both struggled to find a place in poetry writing, especially the sonnet form in which their predecessors were all male. The literary cannon and the Romantic Era consisted of all male poets who directed the sonnets to their lovers in regard to express their profound appreciation. Love has been the preferred sonnet theme since the 1300’s when the sonnet was created and both, Millay and Browning, stuck with the same traditional concept of love and lust as their topic. Being one of the most popular, sought out forms of poetry, the sonnet was the perfect way for nineteenth-century women to get out into the limelight and start a feminist movement. Or possibly, women poets stumbled toward the sonnet form due to its oppressive rules of rhyme scheme, structural shifts, meter and syllable count, it provided them a ready-made metaphor, suggesting difficulties in communication. Extremely restrained, the sonnet form helped make inexpressibility apparent, it therefore presented women sonneteers with an irony that revealed their circumstances of restricted speech and forced silence. Female poets, who incorporated the strict sonnet form, at a time difficult for women to freely embark in the lyric tradition, did so only to promote gender variance. Elizabeth Browning uses exceedingly sentimental emotions in her â€Å"Sonnet 43†. She either does so for ridicule or freedom for women to express themselves. By the use of such diction she is using satire and mockery of overly melodramatic reactions and feelings of a typical woman. â€Å"†¦ With my lost saints! -I love thee with the breath,/ Smiles, tears, of all my life!†¦ (12-13)†, even with the usage of several exclamation marks, she creates emphasis on the over exaggeration. In her Sonnet 43, Browning proclaims the pleasure love brings and pleads for a complete surrender to love, which seems far too corny. Or perhaps, she is just being herself, demonstrating to fellow females to be confident and unafraid of articulating and communicating your feelings. Following the thematic convention of rhyme scheme and iambic pentameter, Browning either wants to represent stereotypical females with her portrayal of unrealistic sensations or she wants to prove that even a completely feminine sonnet can create attentiveness to gender difference. Edna Millay challenges the social standards of female sexuality. Millay’s poem explores a female-centred perspective which opposes the widespread male-dominated presumptions of women. It is indeed a very sexual poem, revealing her sexual attraction and intentions to a particular man. Female sexuality was silenced in those times and rarely did women speak so openly and fearlessly of personal matters. She created a new realm of subject matters to women authors and helped support a liberated approach to life. The style of her poetry is formal with typical meter and rhyme scheme. Critics have repeatedly pointed out her bizarre connection of conventional poetic forms and structures with completely unconventional ideas and expressions. We must recognize and appreciate Millay for revealing the love ’em and leave ’em tactic normally exercised by males. However, because of the poet’s reversed gender, this strategy seems more modern, harmless and considerably humorous. There is irony and originality in a female using such rebellious content, perhaps she is scrutinizing normal male intentions, as it is regularly the women who are hurt in the end because they long for a relationship while the men are only looking for sex. The form may receive validity of tradition while the content concurrently mocks tradition. With the help of this poem she gained a reputation of a free-spirited and revolutionary social figure whose work followed her commemoration of life. Edna Millay’s poem fights for sexual freedom originally claimed by men, it fights for equality of the double standard that exists, which inhibits female sexuality and encourages male sexuality. Writing as women has led them to run â€Å"counter to† their culture and â€Å"against the grain of time† to echo Pounds’ words. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43† redefine the standards of genre and gender norms. Millay and Browning both revolt against the regularly male sonnet form, they were attracted to its structural affinity to promote gender variance. Browning creates emphasis using ordinary female emotions, while Millay challenges normality of female sexuality. However at the same time there are distinct contrasts apparent, Browning’s poetry has a feminine quality with such passion and sentimentality while Millay’s poetry has a masculine quality, as it resists sentimentality with her ability to look beyond the status quo and her completely opposite lifestyle of love affairs. However, both poets attempt to reconcile with convention while contributing to gender capitalization, hoping to establish diversification equally valid for females. Both are icons for womanhood, both are masters of the sonnet forms and both are nurturers of ambition, independence, outspokenness and flaunting sexuality.

Motivation: The key to success Essay

Motivation is the desire to do something and achieve the many goals in life, no matter how many obstacles you have to go through. To many people, it is the essential element that pushes them towards what they want to be. From setting goals, to working hard to achieve them, and finally accomplishing them. There is several motivation theories like: Incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to do things because of external rewards. For example, people go to work everyday for the reassurance that they will get paid at the end of the month. Another type of theory is the Drive theory. It is when people are motivated to take actions to reduce the tension that is produced from unimportant needs. Thirst, hunger and warmth are some examples of drives. Arousal theory is yet another theory. It when you take actions that control your level of arousal. When your arousal level gets high you might want to relax by meditating or reading a book. And when your arousal lev el gets low, you’d want to go for a jog or watch an exciting movie. Last but not least, the Humanistic theory is commonly a motivation behavior in which all businessmen have. It is the strong reasons that lead people to perform various actions like creating a business. It is famously showed by Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which presents different motivations at different levels. And it is the desire to fulfill one’s individual potential. These are the different psychological behaviors people act on when they are motivated. But is motivation important in everybody’s life? Yes it is. Mostly businesses. Motivation is the main factor to which why businesses around the world are successful. No man started a business without getting motivated to take action and achieve his goal of starting a successful business. It keeps you moving towards your goals. Motivation in a business insures that the employees work hard and it improves their level of efficiency. It leads to productivity and stability of work force. The benefits of having a well motivated indicates lower staff turnover, lower absenteeism, higher productions, pleasant working atmosphere, more co-operation and happiness in the working environment leads to innovation. If you lot interest in your business, you loose your motivation and that can immensely affect your business negatively. Motivation is the main reason to success Maslow’s  hierarchy of needs is one of the most famous theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow believed that the reason people go to work changes. So he created a hierarchy of needs, which he thinks people will go to work for. At the bottom of the hierarchy he put the essentials in one’s life, physiological needs such as air, food, shelter and clothing. Safety and security come on top of the basic needs. Every employee should be provided with protection from any danger in his or her working environment. Social needs are in the middle of the hierarchy. Trust and care are to be present in one’s working environment to increase productivity in the business and ensure employees are happy. Employees also need esteems needs, they need to be recognized and respected for the work they have done and praised for their achievements. Finally, at the top of the hierarchy is self-actualization means that people need to feel some fulfill ment in what they do. Many businesses follow this theory and are well motivated and are one of the most successful businesses. Let’s take Kelloggs for example. They provide their staff with every need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and that is why their staff is well motivated and they have less absenteeism. In the other hand, Herzberg’s two-factor theory helps gives employees job satisfaction like achieving aims, chance of promotion, responsibility, interesting work, recognition and personal development. He called that factor motivators. But it doesn’t mean that motivators satisfies all the workers needs. He called the other factor hygiene factors that satisfies all a worker’s other needs like pay, working conditions, job security, quality of supervision, staff relationships and company policy. This theory tells us that dividing all an employee’s needs in 2 different factors that cannot work alone only together is the most effective way of making a business successful and well motivated. For example, the business would make the work interesting so the employees woul d feel well motivated. But, employees would also loose their motivation if hygiene factors such as pay and job security weren’t offered in a business which would result in failure in the business. These 2 theories that I have mentioned are different, but very similar in some ways. One thing they do have in common is that they are the factors to a well motivated and successful businesses. They both relate on the argument that â€Å"we behave as we do because we attempting to fulfill a certain needs†. They both specify the subject as to what motivates people. However, it all depends on your  values and norms. For example, the Japanese say that safety and physiological needs are most important to them while employees in Norway say that social needs are the most important to them in their working environment. Herzberg’s hygiene factor relates to Maslow’s basic needs, safety and social needs. Also, Herzberg’s motivators idea corresponds with Maslow’s esteem and self-actualization. These theories are the most useful theories in making a business successful. Kellogg’s a very famous business that has well-motivated staff. For example, they offer competitive salaries. It gives people the means to acquire the basic needs for living. Kellogg’s also offers flexible benefits program that allows employees to choose benefits that suit them. The staff has a sense of belonging in their working environment. Another well-known business is data connection. Employees say that the managers care about them as individuals. they feel a sense of belonging. The business also provided free healthcare for employees and provides a pay that satisfies their safety and security. These are some of the successful businesses. Motivations are truly the key to success.

Using Antes and Related Spanish Phrases

Using Antes and Related Spanish Phrases Antes is a common way of saying  before, but it is often necessary to use it in the phrases antes de and antes de que.   How To Use Antes The easiest way to think about the differences between antes by itself and the two phrases is to consider which part of the sentence antes connects with. If it affects the meaning of the entire sentence or of a verb, then its functioning as an adverb and stands alone. Another way of thinking about this, although it doesnt cover all instances, is that  if it makes sense to translate antes as beforehand or earlier (theyre both adverbs) then you should use antes by itself: Antes fuimos a la ciudad. (Earlier, we went to the city.)No lo habà ­a visto antes. (I had not seen it beforehand.)Yo corrà ­a ms antes.  (Earlier, I used to run more.)Antes habà ­a muchos casos de tuberculosis en las zona. (Before, there were many tuberculosis cases in the area.) Antes de (not antes de que), on the other hand, functions like a two-word preposition and connects with a noun that follows (or an infinitive functioning as  a noun): Fue difà ­cil viajar antes de la era industrial.  (It was difficult to travel before the industrial era.)Yo tenà ­a miedo antes del comunicado oficial.  (I was afraid before the official announcement.)Llene este formulario antes de salir.  (Fill out this form before leaving.)No creers cà ³mo Disney hacà ­a sus pelà ­culas antes de las computadoras. (You will not believe how Disney made its films before there were computers.) Finally, antes de que (or antes que, a regional variation used the same way), functions as a subordinating conjunction, which indicates the connection between one event and another and is followed by a noun and a verb (or a verb where the noun is implied): Necesito perder peso antes de que empiece el verano. (I need to lose weight before summer begins.)Mi padre se fue antes que yo naciera.  (My father left before I was born.)Antes de que estudiemos el sol, aprenderemos un algo sobre los tomos de hidrà ³geno.  (Before studying the sun, we will learn something about hydrogen atoms.)Controle su ira antes de que ella le controle a usted. (Control your anger before it controls you.) Note that as in the above examples, the verb following antes de que or antes que is in the subjunctive mood. This is true even when the subjunctive verb refers to something that definitely will or already has happened. One way of understanding the differences is to look at the three variations used in sentences that begin the same: Lo sabà ­a todo antes. I knew it all before. (Antes affects the meaning of the entire sentence and functions as an adverb. This is the only example of these three where beforehand or earlier would work as a translation.)Lo sabà ­a todo antes de hoy. I knew it all before today. (Antes de functions as a preposition with hoy, a noun, as its object.)Lo sabà ­a todo antes (de) que comenzara el trabajo. I knew it all before the job began. (Antes (de) que indicates the time connection between what could otherwise be two sentences.) Ante vs. Antes Although ante is sometimes translated as before, it should not be confused with antes. Although the two words are clearly related, they have separate uses. In modern Spanish, ante is a preposition that means before only in the sense of being in the presence of or in the face of. Common translations include in front of or facing. It can also be translated at considering or compared to. Ha subido las escaleras y se ha colocado ante la estatua de la diosa. (He had climbed the stairs and had planted himself in front of the statue of the goddess.)En una ocasià ³n me invitaron a hablar ante las estudiantes de la Escuela de Negocios de Harvard. (One time they invited me to speak before Harvard Business School students.)Tenemos que aprender a ser tolerantes ante nuestras diferencias raciales. (We need to learn to be tolerant in light of our racial differences.) ¿Te gustarà ­a vivir ante la playa y con maravillosas vistas a mar y montaà ±a? (Would you like living facing the beach with marvelous views of sea and mountain?) Key Takeaways Antes functions as an adverb that, when used by itself, typically means before or earlier.The phrases antes de and antes de que function as a two-word preposition and three-word conjunction, respectively.Ante is a preposition that often means in front of or considering.

Essay on Music

Essay on Music There are many types of essays on music and music papers such as essays on classical music, essays on rap music, essay on hip-hop music, adorno essays on music and others. For writing a persuasive essay on music, you should structure your essay on music. You may divide an essay on music into three parts the introduction, the body of the essay on music and the conclusion. The introduction: For a short music essay, keep your essay very concise and brief. It would be absurd to have the porch bigger than the building itself. It may be simply a sentence, or a very short paragraph. However, it should always be arresting, and pertinent to the subject of music essay. The introduction may consist of a definition or a quotation, proverb, very brief story, or general remark, leading up to the subject of essay on music. The body of the essay on music: this is really the essay itself - the house to which the introduction is the front door, and the conclusion the back door, or exit. In arranging the body of the essay on classical music or essay on rap music, observe proportion; that is let each part have due weight given to it. Divide your essay on music accordingly. Do not give the overall portion to one aspect of essay on music. Closely follow your full outline throughout. The paragraphs should be well constructed and should be related to one another according to the direction of your outline; and, as far as possible, the connection between one and another should be shown. Avoid ‘padding’ and keep to the point. Take pains in selecting words and phrases which exactly express the ideas which you have in mind; and frame your sentences so that they are quire clear and forceful. Avoid the use of necessary words. In revising your essay on music, look out for useless repetitions and redundant expressions, and strike them out from your essays on music. Match the words to the sense, and adapt the style to the subject matter. Do not write frivolously on a serious subject, or ponderously on alight and humorous subject related to essays on music. The Conclusion: As the introduction of essays on music should arouse interest, the conclusion should satisfy it. An effective and satisfying end to essays on music is as important as an arresting beginning. An abrupt or feeble ending may spoil the whole effect of the essay on music. A good conclusion may consist of a summing up of the arguments of the music essays; a final conclusion drawn from the subject matter of music essays; a suitable quotation; a sentence that strikingly expresses the main point you want to drive home. You can get free essays on music from many supporting sites for your help.

9 Steps to Take During Your Job Search

9 Steps to Take During Your Job Search No matter why you’re looking for a job, you can get started on any of these nine steps immediately and feel more proactive and prepared. Blitz through them fast and you’ll be well on your way. 1. Update your resumeYou know you need to. Set aside an hour and update that thing. Make sure the formatting is clean, professional and uniform, then get ready to send it out.2. Reach outEven if you’re not sure what you want to do next, or how to go about it, engage your network. Ask for advice and suggestions. Chances are someone has a great idea or opportunity for you. All you need to do is ask.3. Take a quizIt never hurts to reevaluate, especially if you think it might be time to try a new career. Take an online career quiz like this one to make sure you’re going in the right direction for your skills and tastes.4. Ask up the ladderDon’t be shy to reach out to someone above your station, so to speak, whom you admire. People love to be asked for advice. The worst-case scenario? They’ll say no. The best? They might not have realized they had the perfect opportunity just waiting for someone like you to come along.5. Get organizedWhen you get heavy into your search, you’ll have resumes going out and correspondence coming in like mad. Take a breather to set up an organizational system to serve you smoothly throughout the process. You’ll be glad you did.6. Give yourself a digital makeoverGo ahead and Google yourself. Make sure your social media accounts reflect the best and most professional, hirable version of the special snowflake that you are. Take down those drunken pictures from the Christmas party, or set your Facebook privacy settings to Friends Only. Shore up your online presence before the right person searches for you and gets the wrong impression.7. Tailor your cover letterDon’t just send out the same soulless form letter. Do your homework. Learn about the company and the job first, then tailor each co ver letter to match.8. Bone upStudy up on interview strategies and techniques so as not to feel the waves of panic when you get one!9. Hit the job boardsReady, get set, get a job!

Impressionism and Naturalism by Robert Herbert Essay

Impressionism and Naturalism by Robert Herbert - Essay Example Manet, according to Herbert was a different sort of flaneur. He was obtuse in reproducing the flaneur's experience of destruction, transformation, and desolation because he was an active observer. His work The Street Singer (1862) and The Balloon (1862) were examples of the artist's silent commentary in the upheaval of the city and its people (Herbert 36). He exemplified realism through artifice and caricature. Flaneurs were keen in capturing the moment of life in its pure form which was why later works offered glimpses of contemporary urban life not through detailed oil paints but caricatures speedily drawn and executed as in Manet's Rue Mosnier Decorated with Flags and Degas's Martelli. Flaneurs, therefore, were inventors and responsible for innovation in art during the 19th century. Flaneurs were also investigators of history for they were keen observers of urban life, noting spectators, daily occupations, behaviors, professions, and intimate and domestic life of that time. Degas's Women on a Cafe Terrace, Evening and Manet's Railroad which the artists investigated to the extent of scientific naturalism could be said to denote this aspect of flaneurs. Flaneurs were also observers of domestic manners. Their detachment from the public and private arena offered them the advantage of narrating emotions and feelings without romantic interference. This could be observed in Cassatt's Cup of Tea (1880) and Morisot's Interior both depicted the artist's detachment yet interactivity with domestic life.

Critique of a nursing theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique of a nursing theory - Essay Example 19) to a situation where one requires assistance with the end goal of preserving and attaining a specified "health and wellness" (Johnson & Bayliss, 2005, p. 19). Given this definition, it follows that there exist theories on how such knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences should be applied to a given situation. In this vein, there would also be theories on how these factors should be gained and learned. As one of the most celebrated nurses of all time and as the person who singlehandedly popularized nurse training, which eventually led to the establishment of nursing as a new profession for women (Attewell, 1998, p. 151), Florence Nightingale and her early theories on nursing are both fascinating. Hence, I have decided to write a critique on the Florence Nightingale's Environmental Model. The environmental model, it is clear that it was a product of Florence Nightingale's meticulous observation of her career as a nurse and that of others as evidence by the Notes on Nursing (1860) she compiled. This model, together with the notes, is enough proof that the Nightingale of her uniqueness in her time. Though borne by wealthy parents, she was different. According to Mary Garofalo and Elizabeth Fee (2010), She wanted a higher calling; she wanted to work; to use her intellect, her skills, her moral passion; and to make a difference in the world. She refused to be a subordinate to a husband; she was bored with the trivial lives that upper class women led; she had her destiny to fulfill. She told her parents that she wanted to be a nurse. (p. 1588). In spite of the reactions of her parents, she persisted. She wrote that her parents were horrified. "It was as if I had said I wanted to be a kitchen-maid" (Garofalo & Fee, 2010, p. 1588). Instead of submitting to the will of her parents, she persevered and after 9 years of struggling with them, she was eventually was allowed to train. This characteristic is just one of the many that I admire in Florence Nightingale. While I was researching for this paper, I thought to myself that if I only have an ounce of her determination, then I would achieve my dreams and goals easily. The environmental model maintains that the "manipulation of physical and social factors" (Johnson & Bayliss, 2005, p. 121) can significantly affect the state of health of an individual and the probability that such individual will eventually acquire an illness. The intent of the theory therefore is to emphasize that health and wellness can be adversely affected by how one's environment is managed or mismanaged. As Johnson and Bayliss (2005) themselves admit, though this theory was developed by the Nightingale more than 150 years ago, it is still relevant and as a matter of fact has created the standard for the prevention of illnesses and the restoration of health and wellness (p. 121). Specifically, she identified several factors that are present in a patient's environment and which have large impact on health and illness. These are pure or fresh air, pure water, sufficient food supplies, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light (e.g., direct sunlight). What is interesting is that even not knowing these factors and without any knowledge of the environmental m

Microbial communities found within the human body Essay

Microbial communities found within the human body - Essay Example it to be a "newly discovered organ" since its existence was not generally recognized until the late 1990s and it is understood to potentially have overwhelming impact on human health. Modern DNA sequencing techniques have enabled researchers to find the majority of these microbes, since the majority of them cannot be cultured in a lab using current techniques.  The ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share our body space is known as â€Å"microbiome†. This term was originally coined by Joshua Lederberg, who argued the importance of microorganisms inhabiting the human body in health and disease. Many scientific articles distinguish "microbiome" and "microbiota" to describe either the collective genomes  of the microorganisms that reside in an environmental niche or the microorganisms themselves, respectively. However by the original definitions these terms are largely synonymous. The  human microbiome  (or  human m icrobiota) is the aggregate of  microorganisms, a microbiome that resides on the surface and in deep layers of skin, in the saliva and oral mucosa, in the  conjunctiva, and in the gastrointestinal tracts. They include  bacteria,  fungi, and  archea. Some of these organisms perform tasks that are useful for the human host. However, the majority have been too poorly researched for us to understand the role they play. Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the â€Å"normal flora†. Most of the microbes associated with humans appear to be not harmful at all, but rather assist in maintaining processes necessary for a healthy body. A surprising finding was that at specific sites on the body, a different set of microbes may perform the same function for different people. For example, on the tongues of two people two entirely different sets of organi sms will break down sugars in the same

Wagmatcook culture & hartige centre, Cape Breton,canada 866-295-2999 Research Paper

Wagmatcook culture & hartige centre, Cape Breton,canada 866-295-2999 - Research Paper Example This centre was opened in the year 2001 and is dedicated in reviving the Mi’kmaq culture. An ancient tools collections, A wigwam of real size, photos of the Mi’kmaq people while catching salmon, hunting for caribou, and making baskets portray the Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Centre’s theme, which is, â€Å"The Way a Mi’kmaq Lives.† Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Centre is home to a display and heritage exhibition of Mi’kmaq cultural artifacts. There are special activities in this great facility’s hall which include dancing, drumming, and storytelling which are done by the community’s elders. Tourists and visitors get a chance to sample the traditional Mi’kmaq foods including â€Å"four cent cake,† roasted venison, and eel stew which are offered at the Centre’s restaurant. Visitors can also shop for beadwork, baskets, Mi’kmaq regalia, quill-work, and original artwork and paintings. The Wagmatcook Cultu re & Heritage Centre opens daily, all year-round (Wagmatcook.com, 1). Cape Breton Island, where Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage aboriginal site is located, is in the Nova Scotia province of Canada. It is a 3,981  sq  mi (10,311  km2) island, which is 18.7% of Nova Scotia’s total area. Even though, the Strait of Canso physically separates it from the Nova Scotia peninsula, they are artificially connected by the Canso causeway for easy transport. Cape Breton’s landmass upwardly slopes from south to north, hence culminating in the Northern Cape islands. The first residents of the Cape Breton Island were the Maritime Archaic natives who are ancestors to the Mi'kmaq people who were the island’s inhabitants at the time of discovery by the Europeans (Wagmatcook.com, 1). The Wagmatcook people history dates back many centuries. The reservation was, however, not established officially until May 2nd, 1834 by Sir Peregrine Maitland. He has been referred as the gentleman who refused to accede to the Scottish settler’s wishes of removing the Native people from the West-Side Middle River’s mouth. The centre’s operation is part of the five year development strategy by the Wagmatcook Band Council. The Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Centre’s future plans include featuring an interpretive village offering marine opportunities and outdoor activities and travelling exhibits (religious and medicinal themes). The Smithsonian Institute possesses some four thousand artifacts collected from the Wagmatcook First Nation community (Wagmatcook.com, 1). A tour inside the Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Center entails visiting interpretive exhibits with available guides, and witnessing first-hand the Mi'kmaq people way of life over the past centuries. The centre offers craft shops where local artisans demonstrate their craftsmanship which has been passed over for generations. You can experience the Mi'kmaq culture through story-telling, drumm ing, and dancing. Traditional foods of the Mi'kmaq people are available at the Clean Wave Restaurant inside the museum. These include eel stew, stewed venison or roasted, rabbit, deer, moose, poached salmon, four-cent cake, lis'knikn, and bannock. There is a variety of souvenirs available for sale including; beadwork (bookmarkers, necklaces, etc.), baskets, earrings, bracelets

The moment have changed my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The moment have changed my life - Essay Example It was fascinating to learn that computers could be used to deliver an entire mathematical lesson with ease of comprehension. This was following a computer simulation that showed the different angles and perspectives of an object that was smiley complicated to understand with only the imagination that I had. It was from this moment that I was drawn to computers and thought of my previous ignorance and withdrawal from them as an act of rebellion, towards my parents in an attempt to be unique from the rest of the family. Simulations were the first part that got my attention, especially with what could be done to achieve works of art with exceptional detail to aesthetics and concept delivery. The idea of changing abstract concepts into ones that a learner can easily fathom was strangely fascinating, and drew me into joining the computer club in the school and even sought the help of my family. Their skills were exceptional but not in programming for simulations let alone academic content for schoolwork. However, they helped a lot in honing my new interest and even providing me with information concerning on programming and comprehension of code generation, as well as generation of scripts. Therefore, because of the new simulations that the computer club and I generated, we enabled the mathematics teacher to explain the content in improved ways to us; and for that reason our grades kept improving. Understanding was better as so were the incentives we received, as well as the credits we received in ext ra credit classes. This allowed me to do more content delivery systems for other subjects such as geography and physics with the help of my family and friends. Together we generated scripts and simulations on projections for statistical methods in geography and math and coded projectiles for physics classes. Extra credit classes and recognition followed as this utterly changed my perspective on school life, and how much time I had wasted hating computers. I

Wagmatcook culture & hartige centre, Cape Breton,canada 866-295-2999 Research Paper

Wagmatcook culture & hartige centre, Cape Breton,canada 866-295-2999 - Research Paper Example This centre was opened in the year 2001 and is dedicated in reviving the Mi’kmaq culture. An ancient tools collections, A wigwam of real size, photos of the Mi’kmaq people while catching salmon, hunting for caribou, and making baskets portray the Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Centre’s theme, which is, â€Å"The Way a Mi’kmaq Lives.† Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Centre is home to a display and heritage exhibition of Mi’kmaq cultural artifacts. There are special activities in this great facility’s hall which include dancing, drumming, and storytelling which are done by the community’s elders. Tourists and visitors get a chance to sample the traditional Mi’kmaq foods including â€Å"four cent cake,† roasted venison, and eel stew which are offered at the Centre’s restaurant. Visitors can also shop for beadwork, baskets, Mi’kmaq regalia, quill-work, and original artwork and paintings. The Wagmatcook Cultu re & Heritage Centre opens daily, all year-round (Wagmatcook.com, 1). Cape Breton Island, where Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage aboriginal site is located, is in the Nova Scotia province of Canada. It is a 3,981  sq  mi (10,311  km2) island, which is 18.7% of Nova Scotia’s total area. Even though, the Strait of Canso physically separates it from the Nova Scotia peninsula, they are artificially connected by the Canso causeway for easy transport. Cape Breton’s landmass upwardly slopes from south to north, hence culminating in the Northern Cape islands. The first residents of the Cape Breton Island were the Maritime Archaic natives who are ancestors to the Mi'kmaq people who were the island’s inhabitants at the time of discovery by the Europeans (Wagmatcook.com, 1). The Wagmatcook people history dates back many centuries. The reservation was, however, not established officially until May 2nd, 1834 by Sir Peregrine Maitland. He has been referred as the gentleman who refused to accede to the Scottish settler’s wishes of removing the Native people from the West-Side Middle River’s mouth. The centre’s operation is part of the five year development strategy by the Wagmatcook Band Council. The Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Centre’s future plans include featuring an interpretive village offering marine opportunities and outdoor activities and travelling exhibits (religious and medicinal themes). The Smithsonian Institute possesses some four thousand artifacts collected from the Wagmatcook First Nation community (Wagmatcook.com, 1). A tour inside the Wagmatcook Culture & Heritage Center entails visiting interpretive exhibits with available guides, and witnessing first-hand the Mi'kmaq people way of life over the past centuries. The centre offers craft shops where local artisans demonstrate their craftsmanship which has been passed over for generations. You can experience the Mi'kmaq culture through story-telling, drumm ing, and dancing. Traditional foods of the Mi'kmaq people are available at the Clean Wave Restaurant inside the museum. These include eel stew, stewed venison or roasted, rabbit, deer, moose, poached salmon, four-cent cake, lis'knikn, and bannock. There is a variety of souvenirs available for sale including; beadwork (bookmarkers, necklaces, etc.), baskets, earrings, bracelets

Todays Supply Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Todays Supply Chain - Assignment Example Technology has to be incorporated too to ensure swift and real time communication between in the process. Traits of the best supply chains are characterized by sustained good performance, which can be measured by the rates of deliveries made to customers. Some of the traits include strategic supplier partnership, information sharing, customer relationship, internal lean practices, information quality and postponement. Strategic supplier partnership, involves a long standing relationship between the suppliers and the companies. This is usually designed to align the strategies of the suppliers with that of the company. Secondly, there should be appropriate customer relationship which determines the way in which companies manage the complaints of their customers and maintain a long term relationship. Furthermore there is need to develop a win-win relationship. At the same time, it is important to settle on the effects of a third customer logistic provider relationship on the companies green logistic performance. Thirdly, there is need to develop well defined information sharing between the employees and the customer should be shared with adequate determination on its effects. Information shared should be adequate, accurate, current credible and to ensure enhanced performance and increased relationship. In addition, the supply chain management should be inclusive of the extent to which there are waste elimination practices and creation of value with the chain supply. Lastly a good supply chain practice should determine the postponement endures so as to minimize on the losses. Once a company develops a risk management plan of a supply chain, then it is said to have a mature supply chain. In this case, companies have well assessed risks that can cause a disruption on the normal supply chain and work towards mitigating

The field of organizational behaviour Essay Example for Free

The field of organizational behaviour Essay Introduction: The organization is the result of a process of organizing a group of people, aimed at achieving common goals that their complexity cannot be achieved by one person. So, the organization has developed from the need to produce goods in much higher than in times past could make workers in their workshops. Also, the organization has emerged as a necessity to increase efficiency and quality work. We can say the organization is a system that is characterized by a specific functional structure and a process through which the common targets and specific. For example, the university is a organization that integrates student, teacher, administrator and laboratory technical staff, aimed at the generation, transfer and diffusion of knowledge. In any organization there are two fundamental processes: a process for achieving products and services for which an organization was created and a management process to ensure implementation of the first in terms of efficiency and quality Organization is characterized by an internal environment, external environment and a functional interface between the two environments. Being an open system, we see the existence of the system input streams and output streams of system. Internal environment is characterized by the existence of generalized field of forces and a transformation of input into output. External environment are characterized by having a generalized field of forces that act continuously on the organization, at its interface with the intern environment .If these forces are stronger than the internal environment, the organization declines and if adaptation measures are not taken, in this case result bankruptcy. For example: a factory that produces fertilizers for agriculture, manages to successfully sell products market and to ensure good employees a salary. Management of company has developed a dynamic equilibrium between existing forces inside and outside At a time, there is a law protecting the environment and impose more severe  requirements new quantities of harmful substances discharged into the atmosphere or wastewaters .This means that the external environment have developed strong legislative force, for which there is enough strength inside and so was some imbalance. To restore the dynamic balance of company is necessary to invest in new technologies for filtering and treating harmful substances, in order to meet new standards. If fails this, technological line may be closed and if the company has no other viable processes, the company may go bankruptcy. The organization is on based two structures: a functional and organizational structure. The ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE of units is all position work and departments that make up the unit, their grouping and subordination including links to be established between them to carry out properly all work tasks. When is projected, a rational and efficient organization structure must meet certain general requirements such as covering the whole spectrum of activities of the organization and to distribute them properly, to ensure continuity and fluidity in carrying out, to ensure that management units at each level as possible that each have a single chief subordinated; also be flexible to adapt to different light requirements: amplification for organization development, job cuts for a decline in the organization etc.. Characteristic elements of an organizational structure are: position, function, hierarchical level, department, hierarchical share, and functional connexion. POSITION is a set of tas ks, objectives, powers and responsibilities incumbent in regularly and one permanent employee. FUNCTION represents all jobs with the same characteristics .So, in organization more employees can work with as head of department or head office. HIERARCHICAL SHARE is number of employees led by a directly manager. In a mid-sized or large enterprise hierarchy shares is 4-8 subordinates for positions located in the upper half of the managerial pyramid and can grow up to 20-30 subordinates, as the hierarchical level approaches the bottom. DEPERTMENT are all employees divided into groups subordinate to the same manager. HIERARCHICAL LEVEL represents all departments that are at the same distance from the top of hierarchical pyramid management. As hierarchical level has a lower value, the better will be more levels in that organization. As the number of hierarchical levels is greater with both the managerial pyramid is higher. As the number of hierarchical levels is smaller, so the pyramid becomes flattened. For example, Ford inherited an organizational structure with 17 vertical levels of hierarchy, and the youngest company Toyota has only 5 hierarchical levels. FUNCTIONAL CONNEXION is necessary to integrate all functional activities. Connexions or links include: vertical, horizontal and vertical and oblique. Organizational structure with the functional integration is performed using the following concepts: authority, responsibility, delegation, centralization, decentralization and specialization. AUTHORITY managers can ensure order. Subordinate first decision you need to implement even if they sometimes have different views. RESPONSIBILITY we all know that accepting a job, is implicitly and accountability to achieve the objectives set and answer for their failure to achieve. DELEGATION is a share transfer, for a period of time, a decision of a competent other people, at a lower hierarchical level .Superiors delegates, transferring authority to subordinates in order to facilitate the activity. Another important structure underlying an organization is FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE which we can say that involve functions such as research and development function, production function, the function of commercial, financial accounting function and staff function. About research and development function we can say that integrates aimed at generating new knowledge and ideas on the production and their introduction .Innovation is one of the most powerful and competitive strategies of firm .This includes activities such as: forecasting activities, research, development and innovation, implementation and evaluation of results. Another function is the production: the company that processes inputs in order to enable the products and services to satisfy the law are basically existential demand consumers. Basically, production is the existential law firm. Function of production includes activities such as programming,  scheduling and monitoring production, manufacture or use, control processes and outcomes, and repair equipment Commercial operation is achieved in two ways: from environment to organization and from organization to external environment. In environment first case the function performs supply material resource, energy, financial and information organization and in the latter function makes the sale and selling or offering products and services to population. Base activities of this function are supply, sales and marketing. Financial accounting function includes all activities that provide financial resources necessary to achieve business objectives and out value financial cycle of organization. In achieve this function .There are three major activities: financial activities, accounting and financial control management. FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES represents all processes which determine and obtain the necessary financial resources for firm. ACCOUNTING objectives relate to activities which highlight the value recorded and material and financial resources management financial of organization. FINANCIAL CONTROL MANAGEMENT refers to activities which check legal compliance regarding the existence, integrity, use and storage of material goods and money which is equipped organization. PERSONNEL FUNCTION integrates activities that comprise the recruitment, hiring, training and continuous improvement staff organization. This function has activities like: evaluation of staffing, personnel selection, framing staff, performance appraisal, motivation and training personnel. FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE is a classical structure, characterized by aggregation of positions in homogeneous department which performs a function of the organization. For example, the entire organization is structured on the departments like: research and development department, production department, human resources, accounting department and marketing department. Efficiency potential of functional structure is achieved by specialized employees in defined areas of activities and their motivation by allowing hierarchical promotion to the top pyramid. When diversify company production very much and is distributed across many intern and international markets can begin to find problems between units responsible for carrying out various products. Functional structure is used in centralized and remain  effective as long as the field strength variations in the external environment is very slow, and if the changes are predictable. In a highly dynamic external environment that requires quick reactions from firms to adapt, functional structure behaves rigid and higher response times to changes. Some of the advantages of functional structure are: creating conditions for specialized personnel to increase efficiency of staff capacity;-departments employees must communicate regulated. About disadvantage of functional structure:-enhancing coordination comportment difficulty because of its sequence of activities; some employees get work of their department rather than the benefit of the organization;-company conflicts between departments when business objectives are met, each compartment tending to exculpate. The functional organizational structure is characterized by the formation of groups that share similar functions. (SCOTT HEBERT). Other important structures underlying on organization are CENTRALIZATION and DECENTRALIZATION. Centralization is concentration in higher management authorities, in which most decisions are developed and has strong control over structural hierarchy organization. DECENTRALIZATION is granted autonomy in decision-making managers to average and lower. Centralization advantages are: control, stability, coordination, responsibility, economies of scale. Centralization has disadvantages such as the implementation of decisions takes more time, because managers must obtain approval from all relevant authorities. Also narrow spectrum management activities. Advantages decentralization activities are: speed, flexibility, responsiveness, relevance, motivation. DECENTRALIZATION disadvantages are: diseconomies of scale; more difficult to ensure consistent practices and policies (customer might prefer consistency from location to location) Fast-food business like Burger King and Pizza Hut use a predominantly centralised structure. Also, McDonalds is an excellent example of company with centralised structure. These restaurants are typically franchises they all receive food and packaging from the same approved vendors. All  decision-making about menus and marketing are made at the corporate level in the America. Major supermarket chain like Morrison and Tesco use a decentralised structure .Each supermarket has a store manager who can make certain decision concerning areas like staffing, sales promotion. The store manager is responsible to a regional or area manager. Honda Motor Co. is a company with a decentralized structure. Honda develops its products in the regional markets in which it operates. The company has over 500 subsidiaries and affiliates throughout the world. The company is headed by an executive council Japan, but operations are divided across six regions (Honda, 2009). This allows Honda to sell  cars and motorcycles that are most suited to the preferences of each region. Additionally, the fact that Honda vehicles are manufactured in the region they are sold encourages the local population to view these vehicles more positively.(SCOTT HEBERT). Other models of organizational structure are product based structure, divisional structure, matrix structure, geographically structure, network structure and team structure. PRODUCT BASED STRUCTURE is a method of identifying all products from units. Advantages: -helps to develop products or services better able to meet customer needs;-oriented staff interest and help increase motivation. Disadvantage: may cause the creation of autonomous units that can be driven hard. DIVISIONAL STRUCTURE is characterized by aggregation of position on the type of products. For each type of products constitute a division. It was created especially for very large companies with production facilities in different geographic areas of the same country or different countries. For example, Suzuki has 6 large factories located in different geographical  areas of Japan. Each manufacture is to produce a certain type of car or motorcycle. Divisional structure allows managerial autonomy for each main division. Advantage of this structure is that employees of a division can focus on any particular type of product and how best to meet the requirements consumers. By aggregation products, divisions are so technologically equipped better meet the quality requirements imposed on the market. Because all employees working for proper tooth-a division of this category of consumers, work relations are converging towards common objectives, avoiding conflict relationships. For divisions located in different geographical areas, functional autonomy allows them to respond adequately local market demands. Divisional structure made an important step in the decentralization process by defining substantial autonomy to each division, which led to better adapt them to different market requirements. The divisional structure divides the company into groups based on product, market, or region.(SCOTT HEBERT). MATRIX STRUCTURE has a vertical reunion of work position according to company functions and horizontal reunion of work positions according to typology product. In such a structure, an employee relates to the requirements of two heads: one vertical head (functional manager) and one horizontal head (product manager). It is a complex structure, whose  effectiveness depends on the professionalism of managers and on the  organizational structure which promotes well quality. Matrix structure is indicated in organization, which have a static functional structure over a dynamic structure overlapping projects. While department heads positively correlated with their functional performance, the project heads positively correlated with duration of their projects. This structure, theoretically offers a lot of advantages, in practice, duality managerial responsibilities is also a high potential conflict. Also, because is complexity structure appear difficulties for assessing performance and identifying opportunities for quality improvement. Several advantages of matrix structure are: flexibility and shaping them so  as to obtain maximum efficiency and better utilization of resources;- information circulates more rapidly, using both the vertical and horizontal flows of communication. Some disadvantages of matrix structure are: the existence of several command lines may affect the dilution of responsibilities;-conflicts may occur between the desire to hold managers more authority;-although information move faster decision-making process takes longer, meetings due to be held between department managers in the decision. GEOGRAPHICALLY STRUCTURE: organization operates in different areas, regions, countries or continents. Local manager is responsible for all activity performed by the company in his area and is subordinate to the general manager of company (head office). Advantages: -the power to decide local managers; -knowledge in detail the coordinates local-market knowledge that can be better exploited locally. Disadvantages:-differences of language and culture that could prevent the information flow;-lack of interest in promoting regional departments of new products,  made at central head. The McDonalds business is a geographical structure, divided its operation into 5 geographical division. McDonalds has over 31,000restaurants in 120 countries. TEAM STRUCTURE can be implemented in companies with a high degree of decentralization. Teams are so they can make a full product. In a team, each employee must be able to perform several types of operations such as assembly teammates to be able to integrate work in making a finished product. Team structure led to decentralization advanced production and management, thus increasing the flexibility to adapt and significantly reduce response time to change. Advantages: workers are motivated; response decision-making takes place in a quick time; -level management is removed:-costs are administration in  reduced. Disadvantages: conflicts between team members; increased time spent in meetings; -time-management issues. NETWORK STRUCTURE is based on the most advanced information technologies and the explosive development internet .Is very  decentralized structure and dynamic, able to change and adapt fast. Network structure is composite of various people or organizations, located on a large geographical area, aimed at achieving a common goal with the contribution, skills and resources. Partners in a organization have legal status and electronic connections depend on coordination of their activities. For example, MITSUBISHI group consists of several companies (28), being joined by other members holding shares through collaborative relationships and the social links .Of MITSUBISHI group, remark 3 main companies:-MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRY (for production); MITSUBISHI BANK (for finance) and MITSUBISHI CORPORATION (for marketing). Advantages network structure:-facilitate the achievement of objectives complex, impossible to achieve on their own. CONCLUSION I managed to expose previously, multiple organizational structures, each one with similarities and differences. Indifferent of the structure underlying an organization, all structure having the common goals which are favourable business itself. Each structure in part aims to reach maximum business success through efficiency and quality of work that are performed in the organization. REFERENCE Cliffs Notes-Principles of Management: Five Approaches to Organisational Design. McDonald steam3.blogspot.co.uk Practical management.com-Transforming Theories Into Practice. Scott Hebert (Mar.23 rd. 2009)-Introduction to Organizational Structure. Scott Hebert (Jan.30th. 2009)-Market Strategy and Organizational Structure: Three Companies. Study Notes: People Management.

Public Relations And Business Ethics Management Essay

Public Relations And Business Ethics Management Essay Literally Public relations mean relations with publics, e.g. customer, employees, investors, communities, media, suppliers, government, industry bodies, pressure groups, competitors etc. It is defined as the management of communication between an organization and its publics (Grunig and Hunt 1984, p.6 McElreath 1996). PR is the discipline that looks after organizations reputation, maintains its public image and facilitates relations in order to gain understanding and support as well as influence opinion and behavior (McElreath 1996, Ciprco.uk). It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its public (Cipr.co.uk). For an organisation, there are varying functions of public relations. The 4 main areas are first, marketing communication, by which PR is used as a promotional tool to help achieve marketing objectives. The second area is financial public relations, by which it present information to business reporters. The third comes to product public relations, which aim to gain publicity for companys product and service and lastly, crisis public relations which concentrate on the responding to negative information. Other areas of PR practise include building rapport with investor and community, employee, media and government (Rubel, 2007). Thus it can be seen that PR can complement advertising and marketing but it has its own identity as a profession Public relations also involve in assessing and supervising public attitudes as well as maintaining mutual understanding and relations between an organization and its public. To provides exposure to its audiences, public relations practitioners use third-party endorsement such as topics of public interest which do not associate with direct payment (Seitel, 2007). Some wildly used PR tools include press releases, media kits, brochures, newsletters, annual reports and interactive social media. Common PR activities include working with the media, speaking at conferences, crisis communication and employee communication. By responding to the stakeholders expectations and harmonizing their interests with the organization, PR serves as an intermediary. Effective PR will help the organization to convey information and message to its public improve communication channels and develop new ways to encourage two-way communication thus crafting its public image and public awareness in order to increase patronage of its product. Why has ethics become a central issue for PR field in recent years? The initiative that corporations should be ethical and socially responsible began in 1960s. It was a time that businesses were growing rapidly and internationally (Lantos, 2001). The danger associates with corporations unethically pursuing profit and social power has heightened public awareness. In recent times, it has also been seen that some of the most famous companies lost public confidence from the publicity because of their dishonourable behaviours. Examples include Shell contributed to environmental degradation; Nike operated sweatshops in developing countries and the once top corporations such as Worldcom and Enron the collapse because of fault. Apart from destroying individual companys reputation, these scandals raised questions of corporate credibility and shaken public confidence in the entire global business. Public relations, as a communications function, has a major role in disclosing the company financial and other critical information as well as the management of relationships between the organisation and its key stakeholders. Thus ethical dilemmas are especially common in Public practices because PR always need to handle highly sensitive and controversial matters. Besides, the complicated and different levels (interpersonal, organisational and societal) of relationships which PR always engaged with will often incur conflicting expectations and interests between different publics. Therefore it is sometimes quiet difficult for PR professionals can act ethically and to get a balance between being an advocator of external and internal publics and at the same time, taking care of companys interests. However, it should be noted that maintaining ethical standards and values is the key to the establishment of good relationships with clients, employees and media (Baskin Aronoff, 1992: 88). Harlow emphasized the importance of ethical communication by highlighting that it is PR practitioners duty to serve public interest (Vithakamontri, 1991:19). The importance of ethics is associated with the positive relationship between good public relations and business success. Ethical and socially responsible companies are proved to enjoy better relations with its public (Baker, 2004). Companies with ethical conduct might appear to succeed at first, but often it can be found that they suffer from poor public relations in a longer term. In 2002, WorldComm admitted falsifying its income statements and became the biggest bankrupt company ever. The scandal wave soon swept away other corporate giants such as HealthSouth, Tyco and Auther Anderson and brought jail terms to many, even homemaking icon Martha Steward. On the other hand, many corporations create a critical source of competitive advantage-a climate of acceptance for the organisation by being ethical and engaging actively with CRS activities. Corporate social responsibility can serve as a way to strategically differentiate itself from the competitors. Like the Co-operative Group, Body Shop and American Apparel, they build customer loyalty based on distinctive ethical values (Pieczka, 2001) and they do benefit from building a reputation for integrity. Besides, some of them do it through working with local communities to help educate children and develop skills for adults in Flower Valley, Africa. Starbuck and Marks and Spencer also actively help the African community by guaranteeing fair trade purchases. Another approach to corporate social responsibility is to incorporate the CSR strategy directly into the organizations business strategy. For examples, many business including KPMG, PG and Starbucks has policy to only procure Fair Tra de tea and coffee. As we can see, ethical public relations is key to the organizations success as good ethics is simply good business. So it is worth to examine ethic in a greater detail. Ethic is defined as a value system for making decisions about what is right or wrong. The organisations conduct is not only measured against their consciences but also against societal and professional norm, so organizations, with different nations, industries and organization cultures, have different standards. Ethical choices are rarely black and white but sometimes it means a higher standard than the law. In a business perspective, business ethics and corporate governance refers to the system by which companies are controlled. Nowadays most companies have in-house codes of ethic and codes of social responsibility (Heath and Ryan, 1989). It has been argued that ethics is the duty to tell the truth. A study regarding ethical judgments concluded that regardless of peoples cultures and religions, honesty outweighed all other considerations. Honesty is particularly essential to the communication industry because dishonesty leads to lack of trust. When a PR practitioner is discovered telling a half-truths, he will be resented. According to the PR professional codes of conduct, telling the truth underpins all other practices (Keller, 1983:1). Beside triple bottom line reporting (3Ps) is becoming commonplace. The 3 pillars, People, Planet and Profits capture a new criterion of measuring organizational success: social, ecological and economical. Companies like Shell and McDonalds have issued Statements of Business Principles and Social Responsibility reports. To fulfill societys moral obligations, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is introduced. CSR policy is self-regulating mechanisms where businesses monitor and ensure it follow the law and ethical standards so business can embrace responsibility for the impact on the communities, environment and employees. Moreover, CSR-focused businesses would promote the iterest of the public by encouraging community development and abolishing practices which give damage. So it is said that CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honouring of a triple bottom line (Heath Ryan, 1989). What role should public relations play in improving levels of corporate social responsibility? There is a strong emphasis on the role Public relations play in implementing social responsibility among leading practitioners. Social responsibility has become a major reason for an organization to have a public relations function (Grunig and Hunt , 1984). Similarly, Harold Burson advocated that the public relations practitioners should provide qualitative evaluation of social trends, which helps developing policies and leading to a formal corporate response (Burson, 1974). Bernays also argue that, Public relations are the practice of social responsibility (Stone, 2005, p. 31). It has been pointed out that PR role is to serve not only their clients but the whole society at large (Kruckeberg and Starck, 1988). Social responsibility is understood as a concept of public relations, some scholars believe that with public relations, businesses can successfully implement social responsibility programmes. Thus PRs role of consciences in the decision-making is particularly important (Dennis, 1981). From the above review of related literature, it can be concluded that CRS obligation to serve the society applies to both individual PR practitioners and the professions as a whole. The welfare of the public should be taken into account when individual practitioner helps clients to solve problem. Meanwhile the associations of PR professionals should use their power collectively as moral agents for a better world (Clark, 2000). PR roles in improving the level of corporate social responsibility include the following. First PR need to improve the conduct of company by emphasizing the need for public approval. As a management function which looks after organizations reputation (McElreath 1996), to look for the company best interest, public relations practitioners should actively be engaged in the proposing and initiating of Corporate Social Responsibility. They should fight for CRS implementation with management. Knowledgeable staff is an important as they play a significant role in counseling management and ensuring that CRS programs maintain high professional standards (Tilson and Vance, 1985). It has been argued as the publics expect organizations to take on a greater role in solving community problems; they want to see businesses being ethical. PR professionals should go beyond advisory role and should regard themselves as the consciences of their organizations (Judds, 1989 Choi, 2005). It is true that th e most important thing is how a company conduct itself and deal with its publics. Communications is second to that. It is very important for the company to truly embrace CRS. Merely publicizing them is not effective as it has to be backed by appropriate behaviour. Also, public relation should serve the public interests by making all points of view communicative in the public. When CRS become part of the organization management initiative, PR as a communication function between an organization and its publics (Grunig and Hunt 1984, p.6 McElreath 1996), it has an important role to align corporate organization behaviour with stakeholder expectations. It should be done through a process of identifying public interest and potential CSR issues, prioritizing them, and closely monitoring their evolution, they can be managed-either by changing the companys behaviour or its stakeholders expectations, or both (Clark, 2002). Besides, Public relations should advance its professionalism by codifying and enforcing ethical conduct and standard of performance, serve our society by using mediation to replace misinformation and execute its social responsibility to promote human welfares. However, the practice of CSR is subject to much criticism. Critics argue that CSR is just a superficial window-dressing, they believe that companies like BP, British American Tobacco and McDonalds are using CSR programs to distract the public from ethical questions incurred in their operations. These corporations maximize their profit through raising their reputation. Another example, Shell has a much-publicized CSR policy and was a pioneer in triple bottom line reporting, but this did not prevent the 2004 scandal concerning its misreporting of oil reserves. It is important to note that CRS is an aid to an organizations mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for and will uphold to its consumers. Merely taking token gestures will only throw poor practice into sharper focus. Also, organization has to be flexible and see what legislators are up to and update the CSR programme in order to stay ahead as issues change with time and lastly CSR policies needs to be ensured that they are well implemented. It is believed that with well management, CSR can be an opportunity for a company to differentiate itself. Organizations can also benefit from the proliferation of annual list in major media. In a long run, managing relationships successfully required ethical conduct so effective public relations cannot be about deception and manipulations. Thus real public relations require honesty and a genuine concern for the needs and expectations of the public and it will build trust and credibility.

Increased Migration, Increased Security Concern Essay -- Economic Cris

Migration has the same meaning, the movement of a group of people who leave their native country to settle temporarily or permanently in a different country. People might voluntarily move, but others are forced to leave their country because of dire situations. An analysis shows how the economic crisis, terrorism, and leaders play a role in how immigration is viewed. While it is impossible to send all illegal immigrants back to their countries, preventing further immigration will help eliminate some security threats and increase the stability of a country’s government. The North-South gap has allowed immigration to become a global issue. While the rich North benefits from industrialization, the South suffers from poor development and wealth disparities. Because of this, people hoping for a better standard of living look to the North. When the economy was thriving, countries relied on guest worker programs to help fulfill the demand for labor. France, for example, needed immigrants to help in post-WWII â€Å"recovery and economic expansion† (Rudolph, 2006, p. 128). However, many countries around the world are feeling the effects of the economic crisis today. Since the economic downturn, there has been an increase in unemployment and anti-immigration sentiment. When people have a job and can maintain their families, immigration is put on the back burner. With the percentage of unemployed rising, illegal immigrants were to blame for taking jobs that rightfully belonged to citizens. The pressure from citizens for anti-immigration policies forced leaders to act. Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, security was heightened around the world. There is more concern on who is entering the country because of fear of ano... ... given the circumstances Spain must be selfish and focus on its own problems. Increasing border security would help stop the influx of immigrants entering Spain. The situations in Italy, France, and Spain help illustrate the different approaches to fighting illegal immigration. Because of economic booms, countries relied on immigrant workers to provide needed labor. However, the economic crisis means more people are without jobs and immigrants are no longer needed for work. The risk of terrorist attacks means tighter border control and increased fear of people who are ideologically different. The decisions leaders make concerning immigration reflects the ideals of their citizens. While people may want immigrants to go back to their countries, many immigrants have made a life for themselves and their families and do not see their native countries as â€Å"home†.

Trade in the 19th-21st Century

IntroductionExplain how the function of the Mercantilism pattern between 1500-to the late 1700s century has influence the International Trade Theories in the 19Thursday-21stcentury. ( one page )â€Å"Mercantilism† A school of economic idea developed in 16th-and 17th-century England, mercantile system argued that a state ‘s primary economic aim should be the accomplishment of a trade excess with the associated influx of gold. The cardinal thought was that trade was a zero-sum game and that a state could accumulate gold through a balance-of-trade excess merely at the disbursal of another state. ( Bowles, Paul, 2009 ) . Mercantilism had really of import influence to the organisation of Britain’s trade with other states particularly with its settlements. And there were assortment of rules for illustration, curtailing to provide the natural stuffs for Britain’s mill and prohibiting competed with some sorts of goods. The intent of mercantile system is to advance the economic strength of female parent state and acquire a trade excess. However, Adam Smith thought that mercantile system is incorrect. He believed free trade policy was better than mercantile system. In add-on to David Hume wrote essay â€Å" Of the Balance of Trade † ( 1752 ) suggestion that the balance of trade excess would take to domestic monetary value degree unstable. And, he developed early measure theory of money. In the mid- 18Thursdaycentury, hence, mercantile system had been proved unreasonable and was replaced by the theory of comparative advantage and the industry benefits from free trade that developed by David Ricardo. In 1840s, Mercantilism was eliminated and free trade and comparative advantage as the new economic policy for the economic system. Although free trade had become the chiefly theory in economic system, protectionist policies returned because of the economic catastrophe in the 1930s. Even Keynes believed that increasing the money supply could better domestic goods. Therefore mercantile system had new followings and so called â€Å"Neomercantilism† . Particularly in 1940 period East Asia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan – and in the 1990s and early twenty-first century, China – had taken the policies of â€Å" neomercantilist. † That enabled the East Asiatic economic systems to acquire quickly growing over a long period which impacted many other developing states, for illustration, Latin America, to take the same economic policies â€Å" neomercantilist † .Examinewhy states engage in tradeand the benefits of specialisation and trade between states.Nowadays, international trade is play a polar function in maintaining economic addition. People the universe over have profited tremendo usly from the cooperation across it, for illustration, developed states get inexpensive labour and big market, and developing states get engineering and increasing populating standing. It is win-win state of affairs. There are assortment of benefits for both states in footings of economic and societal advancement. For economic system, particularly for free trade, there are many states benefits from this economic policies such as Latin American state, Brazil, Chile, where fiscal and free trade has quickly change their economic system. First, free trade could better the life standing of domestic citizens. Several surveies has indicated successful trade could enable people out of poorness. Through free trade, by constructing an unfastened market, could profit for local economic because of the financess of international investing and trade. And there is possible chances to construct new industries and pull new engineerings. In add-on to which could make employee chances. Second, free trade besides can make a more competitory environment which really of import for development of domestic economic system for case China, duty rate â€Å"highest value over the past 19 old ages was 40.75 in 1992, while its lowest value was 7.69 in 2010.† ( China – Duty rate, indexmundi.com ) . During 18 o ld ages developing, the GDP of China had addition quickly. Of class, the increasing of GDP in China is the consequence of many factors while diminishing the duty rate and the barriers of import play a cardinal function for it. In fact, the political ground non merely find the economic system but besides the populating criterion of people. For societal advancement, by free trade, in one regard which can increase the financess for society, in other regard, the authorities can utilize the financess to put substructure and instruction. Equally far as we know, the societal advancement should establish on the fiscal development.When you sit down for your eventide repast attempt to gauge the figure of people andminutessthatare required to convey your repast to you-be as sidelong inventive and every bit specific as possible.Tonight, my flushing repast was rice and fish which made by myself. For rice, purchase it from supermarket, which is imported from Thailand. In Thailand, the rice need factors of merchandises to bring forth, which include husbandman, seeds, land and capital goods. First, husbandmans need purchase seeds from retail of seed and capital goods, in this measure, the store need staff to sell the seeds and capital goods. During period clip, the rice is produced which need to present to factory to treat and pack a nd so sell to wholesaler. Second, the employee of council would oversee the quality of rice whether fulfill the nutrient criterion. Wholesaler need staff to sell the rice to retail and supermarket. In the last measure, supermarket, need staff for illustration teller to sell the rice. For fish, it was imported from Australia. First measure, catching the fishes in the ocean. During this procedure, need person drive the boat and staff to catch the fishes. Second measure, presenting the fish to the mill. In this measure, the mill need staff to treat the fish, and packing. Third measure, export the fish to New Zealand, in this measure, the staff of imposts would oversee the quality of the fish. The forth measure, selling the fishes to the retail and the supermarket. And in this measure, need driver to transport the fish to supermarket. The last measure, in the supermarket, merely like the rice, need staff to shop and sell the fish. I cooked the rice and fish by the electric cooker. For the electric cooker, I think that more complicated than rice and fish. First measure, the mill demand to by the constituent which the made by natural stuffs, for illustration, plastic and metal. Both natural stuffs need to delve from land, in this procedure, need tonss of people to make it. In the 2nd measure, doing the natural stuffs into constituents. The 3rd measure, selling and presenting the constituents to the mills that make the electric cooker. The forth measure, the staff of mill industry the electric cooker. The 5th measure, selling and presenting the merchandises to the retail and supermarket. It seems that is a really simple eventide repasts, but behind it there are many people to work and bring forth, which is the amazing of trade and economic. And the most of import portion of the procedure, making many chances and financess. And it is power for development of society. Q2 Trade construction of your chosen statesAnalysisAustralia is an Oceanian state consisting the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and legion smaller islands ( Australia, en.wikipedia.org ) , in the South hemisphere. New Zealand is in the South hemisphere every bit good, hence, both states have the similar clime and agribusiness construction. However, the land country of Australia is 7,692,024 sq.km. larger than New Zealand land country 268021 sq.km. about 29 times. Australia’s GDP is 1560.60 USD, one million millions. New Zealand’s GDP is 182.59 USD, one million millions, in 2013, about 8.6 times. Australia is a affluent state ; it generates its income from assorted beginnings including mining-related exports, telecommunications, banking and fabrication. ( Australia, en.wikipedia.org ) . Because of affluent mineral resource particularly iron mine in Australia, hence mining-related exports has big proportion in its export. And she has really clo sely economic relation with China, every twelvemonth, China would import big Numberss of Fe mine signifier Australia. Turn to New Zealand, because of the land country is little and low population lead to domestic consume does non plenty, hence, international trade of New Zealand is really of import in its economic construction, peculiarly for agricultural merchandises. Exports has big proportion that is 24 per centum of its end product, which doing New Zealand vulnerable to international goods monetary values and planetary economic. And, because of agribusiness land is affluent so, the nutrient merchandises is the most important portion of its exports in 2014, doing up 55 % of the value. Because of the affluent forest resource, Wood is the 2nd largest merchandises ( 7 % ) in New Zealand. New Zealand is good know because of the film The Lord Of Rings and its beautiful environment. Therefore Tourism plays a important function in New Zealand ‘s economic system, lending $ 15.0 billion to New Zealand’s entire GDP and back uping 9.6 per centum of the entire work force in 2010. ( New Zealand, en.wikipedia.org ) . Every twelvemonth, there are tonss of international visitants to New Zealand to see the astonishing landscape, and the figure of visitants are expected to increase at 2.5 per centum yearly up to 2015. Therefore, the service industry is the largest industry in the New Zealand economic system, the 2nd one is fabricating and building and so farming and natural stuff.Datas tabular arrayData tabular array must include the undermentioned information in 2013: Table 1: Basic economic indexs and trade construction of state Australia and New Zealand in 2013AustraliaNew ZealandLand country ( sq.km. )7,692,024Land country ( sq.km )268021GDP ( current USD, one million millions )1560.60GDP ( current USD, one million millions )182.59GNI per capita ( current USD )43084.90GNI per capita ( current USD )32768Entire Trade ( X+M ) ( current USD, 1000000s )-661Entire Trade ( X+M ) ( current USD, 1000000s )473Entire exports ( current USD, 1000000s )10484Entire exports ( current USD, 1000000s )3969Entire Import ( current USD, 1000000s )11145Entire Import ( current USD, 1000000s )3223Trade to GDP ratio i % i?†°0.04Trade to GDP ratio i % i?†°0.26Share of exports ( % )Agricultural MerchandisesAgricultural MerchandisesFuels and excavation merchandisesFuels and excavation merchandisesIndustriesIndustriesShare of Imports ( % )Agricultural MerchandisesAgricultural MerchandisesFuels and excavation merchandisesFuels and excavation merchandisesIndustriesIndustries Q3 Explain the theory Analysis of absolute advantage of Australia and New Zealand Absolute advantage is a state is said to hold an absolute advantage over another state in the production of a good or service if it can bring forth that good or service ( the ‘‘output’’ ) utilizing fewer existent resources ( like capital or labour, the ‘‘inputs’’ ) . Equivalently, utilizing the same inputs, the state can bring forth more end product. ( Van M. , Charles, 2009 ) To better the rule of absolute advantage, premise that there are two states ( the Australia and New Zealand ) bring forthing four agribusiness merchandises ( Meat, poulet, wheat, soya beans and tomatoes ) , and the labour is the lone factors of merchandises. Suppose that merchandises for illustration, soya beans can be traded without costs and labours are stable in the two states. All employee in Australia or New Zealand have the same productive. However, production engineering in Australia different from that in the New Zealand. Suppose that Australia requires four units of labour to bring forth one unit of wheat, nevertheless the New Zealand requires merely need three units of labour. As the same as above, Australia merely needs five units of labour to bring forth one unit of tomatoes, while the New Zealand needs seven units of employee. Because Australia is more efficient to bring forth tomatoes and the New Zealand is more efficient to bring forth wheat. So, there is decision, Aus tralia has an absolute advantage to bring forth tomatoes and the New Zealand has an absolute advantage to bring forth wheat. Because of absolute advantage that enable both states gain advantages in trading. And this is why there is tendency specialisation of production in planetary economic system. Just reference above in illustration premise that the Australia produces less wheat than New Zealand. If Australia frees up several units of labour from wheat to bring forth tomatoes, hence, Australia can now to bring forth more units of tomatoes ( chance cost of wheat production in the Australia ) . The Australia has now produced less wheat and more unite tomatoes. If premise that the Australia still need to devour the same units of wheat as earlier. It must import more wheat from New Zealand. To bring forth wheat New Zealand needs more units of employee. These employee should come from the tomatoes industry, therefore the production of tomatoes in New Zealand will drop. ( chance costs of tomatoes production in New Zealand ) . At last, the entire production of wheat keep the same, while the entire production of tomatoes has increased. These excess units of tomatoes is the additions from specialisation if both states focus on the production that they produce most expeditiously. This is win-win state of affairs. Datas Table Data tabular array must include the undermentioned information in 2013 0r 2014i?s Production: Four selected agricultural merchandises of India and Hungary in 2013 or 2014AustraliaNew ZealandMerchandiseEntire production ( tone )Output ( kg/hectare )Entire production ( tone )Output ( kg/hectare )PistachiosPistachiosAlmondsAlmondsBananasBananasCassavaCassavaQ4 Comparativeadvantage Explain the Theory Application and Analysis of comparative advantage of Australia and New Zealand The theory of comparative advantage is an economic theory about the possible additions from trade for persons, houses, or states that arise from differences in their factor gifts or technological advancement. ( Comparative advantage, en.wikipedia.org ) There are two states in the information tabular array, Australia and New Zealand, which produce four agribusiness merchandises chicken, wheat, soya beans and tomatoes. To exemplify the theory merely choose two merchandises, ? ? and? ? . For illustration, in Australia, it can bring forth? ? one unit of? ? by utilizing 10 units of labour to bring forth, or bring forth 4/5 units of? ? . And, in New Zealand could bring forth one unit of? ? by utilizing 9 units of labour, or bring forth 5/4 units of? ? . Therefore, New Zealand has an absolute advantage in bring forthing? ? because of fewer units of labour, while Australia has a comparative advantage because of lower chance cost. Suppose that absence of trade between two states, Australia need 20 units of labours to bring forth one unit? ? and one unit? ? , meanwhile New Zealand need 17 unites to bring forth the same units. If each state focal point on the agribusiness which it has a comparative advantage, the consequence is both merchandises increases, for Australia can pass all units of labour to bring forth? ? and New Zealand can pass all units to bring forth? ? . So, the entire merchandise measure addition. And base on the free trade, both states exchange one unit? ? and one unit? ? . Except consume the same units merchandise as earlier, there still staying more units of merchandises. Datas Table Data tabular array must include the undermentioned information in 2013 0r 2014i?s Production: Four selected agricultural merchandises of India and Hungary in 2013 or 2014IndiaHungaryMerchandisePrice per unitiUSDPrice per unit, USDPistachiosPistachiosAlmondsAlmondsBananasBananasCassavaCassavaQ5 Factor gift, trade and income distributionHecksher-Ohlin ( H-O ) theoretical accountExplain the Theory Application and Analysis of H-O theoretical account for India and Hungary Data tabular array Data tabular array must include the undermentioned information in 2013 Factor gift and form of trade of India and Hungary in 2013 or 2014IndiaHungaryFactorsFactorsAgricultural Land ( million hectares )Agricultural Land ( million hectares )Agricultural Land ( % of land countryAgricultural Land ( % of land countryLabour ( 1000000s )Labour ( 1000000s )Capital ( UDS, 1000000s )Capital ( UDS, 1000000s )Four major exported MerchandisesFour major exported MerchandisesFour major exported MerchandisesFour major exported MerchandisesPistachiosPistachiosAlmondsAlmondsBananasBananasCassavaCassavaStolper-Samuelson ( S-S ) theoretical accountExplain the theory Application and Analysis of S-S theoretical account for India and Hungary Student should utilize information old informations tabular array to reply this portion. Q6 Context of new trade theoriesEconomic of ScaleExplain the theory Application and Analysis of economic of graduated table for India and Hungary Datas tabular array Data tabular array must include the undermentioned information in 2013 0r 2014i?s Domestic ingestion and export: Four selected agricultural merchandises of India and Hungary in 2013 or 2014IndiaHungaryMerchandiseDomestic ingestion ( tone )Exports ( tone )Domestic ingestion ( tone )Exports ( tone )PistachiosPistachiosAlmondsAlmondsBananasBananasCassavaCassavaImperfect competition and market powerExplain the theory Application and Analysis of imperfect competition and market power power of four top bring forthing states on one selected agricultural merchandise Datas tabular array Data tabular array must include the undermentioned information in 2013 One selected agricultural merchandise in 2013 or 2014Agricultural merchandise name:Top four producing/exporting statesVolume of production ( tone )Share of universe production ( % )PistachiosAlmondsBananasCassava Mention Bowles, Paul. ( 2009 ) .The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy: Essaies from the Business And Economics — Economic Situation And Conditions, , ( pp.757-759 ) . Princeton, Princeton University Press. Van M. , Charles. ( 2009 ) . Absolute advantage: Essaies from the Business And Economics — Economic Situation And Conditions, ( pp.1-3 ) . Princeton, Princeton University Press. World Trade Organization. ( 2015 ) . Retrieved from 1 April, 2015, from Wikipedia: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization China – Duty rate. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indexmundi.com/facts/china/tariff-rate Australia. ( 2015 ) . Retrieved from 28 April, 2015, from Wikipedia hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia New Zealand. ( 2015 ) . Retrieved from 28 April, 2015, from Wikipedia hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand # Economy Comparative advantage. ( 2015 ) . Retrieved from 11 April, 2015, from Wikipedia hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage # Ricardo.27s_example